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Joint Base Andrews Naval Air Facility Joint Base Andrews Naval Air Facility Washington, formerly Andrews Air Force Base, (IATA: ADW, ICAO: KADW, FAA LID: ADW) is a United States Air Force base located in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States, situated 8 miles (13 km) east of the nation's capital, Washington, D.C.Andrews was established in 1942 as Camp Springs Air Base and is named for Lieutenant General Frank M. Andrews (1884–1943), former Commanding General of United States Forces in the European Theater of Operations during WWII. Andrews is widely known for serving as the home base of operations for the aircraft that serves the President of the United States, Air Force One.The host unit at Andrews is the 11th Wing (11 WG), assigned to the Air Force District of Washington. A non-flying wing, the 11 WG is responsible for maintaining emergency reaction rotary-wing airlift and other National Capital Region contingency response capabilities critical to national security, and for organizing, training, equipping and deploying combat-ready forces for Air and Space Expeditionary Forces (AEFs). The 11th WG commander is Colonel Kenneth R. Rizer . The Command Chief Master Sergeant is Chief Master Sergeant Anthony Brinkley. Overview Joint Base Andrews Naval Air Facility Washington is home to the Presidential Airlift Group which is responsible for the operation of the VC-25A aircraft popularly known as Air Force One. Due to its close proximity to the capital and facilities, the base is frequently used by the President and Vice President of the United States, congressional delegations, foreign heads of state, and others high ranking government and diplomatic officials.More than 60 other separate units and special missions are located there.[citation needed] Andrews AFB is adjacent to Camp Springs, in Prince George County, Maryland, and is 10 miles (16 km) Southeast of Washington, DC. The base covers 4,320 acres (1,750 ha). There are more than 20,000 active duty military people, civilian employees and family members.[citation needed]On 1 October 2009, the facility became Joint Base Andrews Naval Air Facility Washington, a unification of Andrews Air Force Base and Naval Air Facility Washington. This initiative was driven by the Base Realignment and Closure round in 2005 and is designed to combine current infrastructure into one maximizing war fighting capability and efficiency, while saving taxpayer dollars. The 316th Wing commander become the Joint Base commander.Most changes will be invisible as Andrews already provided a significant amount of installation support to the Navy prior to the re-designation.[citation needed] Both Air Force and Naval personnel are provided support in areas such as transportation, building sustainability, contracting, Morale, Welfare and Readiness, lodging, environmental, installation safety, law enforcement, and unaccompanied housing. Units The following units are based at Andrews:11th Wing(11 WG) (AFDW) 89th Airlift WingAir Mobility Command Air Force District of Washington 79th Medical Wing Tenant Units History Opened on 2 May 1943, the base was originally known as Camp Springs Army Air Base. It was renamed to Andrews Field on 7 February 1945 in honor of Lt. General Frank Maxwell Andrews (1884–1943). General Andrews organized and commanded the General Headquarters, Air Force (1935–1939), and at the time of his death on 3 May 1943 in the crash of a B-24 Liberator in Iceland, he was Commanding General, United States Forces, European Theater of Operations. Operational history The military history of Andrews AFB began in the 1850s during the Civil War when Union troops occupied a small country church near Camp Springs, Maryland, as sleeping quarters. At present, the same church is used on the base and is known as Chapel Two.Established first as Camp Springs Army Air Field, Andrews' history began Aug. 25, 1941, the day President Franklin D. Roosevelt wrote a letter to the secretary of war directing the use of the land on which the base now stands. Located 10 miles southeast of Washington, D.C., in Prince George's County, Md., the base was under construction during the remainder of 1942 and became operational 2 May 1943, with the arrival of the first Republic P-47 Thunderbolt.Four 5,500 feet (1,700 m) runways constructed by 1943; field then served mainly as Army Air Forces Headquarters base with secondary missions for fighter and bomber training. Developed as a B-25 Mitchell medium bomber training base during the Korean War. HQ Air Research and Development Command (later, Air Force Systems Command) moved to Andrews from Baltimore, 24 June 1958. With the construction of new facilities beginning in 1959, Andrews AFB had become by early 1962 the primary USAF flight installation serving the Washington, DC, area with the closing of the runway at Bolling AFB.With the establishment of the United States Air Force as a separate military service on 18 September 1947, the name was modified to Andrews AFB. Serving largely as a headquarters base in a curtailed operational capacity during the post-World War II years, the Continental Air Command, Strategic Air Command and the Military Air Transport Service have been headquartered here. Headquarters Command held command reins at Andrews from 1947 through 1952 and again after 1957. Headquarters Military Air Transport Service controlled the base during the interim period.The year 1947 marked the arrival of the first permanently assigned jet powered aircraft, the F-80 Shooting Star, at Andrews. The long-lived and versatile training version of the F-80, the T-33, still played an important role in proficiency flying programs at Andrews more than 30 years later.With the onset of the Korean War in June 1950, Andrews rapidly became involved in combat readiness training for B-25 Mitchell medium bomber crews. Combat readiness training and proficiency flying for military pilots assigned non-flying duties in the Washington area have remained two key elements in the local mission since the establishment of the base.Andrews' air defense role was strengthened in the 1950s with the latest in fighter-interceptor hardware appearing on the flightline. F-94 Starfires, F-102 Delta Daggers and finally, F-106 Delta Darts formed the backbone of the three fighter interceptor squadrons which operated from the base until 1963.In the late 1950s Andrews began an annual open house and air show on base. This event later evolved into the Department of Defense Joint Services Open House, an annual event that now brings more than 700,000 visitors to the base every year. The open house is held every year over Armed Forces Day weekend.In the years since 1959, Andrews' flight operations and importance have increased greatly. In 1961, the last of the Military Air Transport Service's flying units at Washington National Airport transferred to Andrews. This was followed a year later by the transfer to Andrews of all fixed-wing flying activities from Bolling Air Force Base. Andrews has become firmly established as the main port of entry for foreign military and government officials en route to Washington and the United States. In July, 1961, the official presidential aircraft was stationed here, known as 'Air Force One' when the president is on board. Before 1961, the presidential airplane had been kept at Washington National Airport and Bolling AFB.In 1963, the Naval Air Facility (NAF), originally established at the former NAS Anacostia in 1919, moved to Andrews. The NAF handles Naval VIP flight operations. The Marine Corps detachment that flies the FA-18 Hornet is located here. Coast Guard Air Station Washington DC occupies space at Andrews AFB. Andrews AFB has evolved to become one of the most modern bases in the Air Force.A tragic time for Andrews AFB occurred on 22 November 1963, when the 35th president of the United States was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. The body of John F. Kennedy arrived at Andrews at 6:08 p.m. the same evening, accompanied by his widow Jacqueline B. Kennedy, newly sworn in President Lyndon B. Johnson and his wife Ladybird. The air terminal was jammed with thousands of people, including the largest gathering of news media representatives ever assembled at any time on Andrews AFB. Since that time, Andrews has seen the arrival of other fallen leaders, but no other death has caused such national attention.In a major reorganization, Headquarters Command, U.S. Air Force, was disbanded 1 July 1976, restructured under the Military Airlift Command as the 76th Airlift Division and transferred its headquarters from Bolling AFB to Andrews. The 76th remained the parent unit of the Andrews host command, redesignated as the 1st Air Base Wing.In October 1977, the 76th Airlift Division became the 76th Military Airlift Wing. The 1st Air Base Wing was redesignated the 76th Air Base Group, and the 89th Military Airlift Wing became the 89th Military Airlift Group. The 76th MAW remained the parent unit at Andrews. On 15 December 1980, the 76th Airlift Division was reestablished, the 76th Air Base Group became the 1776th Air Base Wing and the 89th Military Airlift Group became the 89th Military Airlift Wing. On 1 October 1985, the 76th Airlift Division was inactivated as the result of activation of the Headquarters Air Force District of Washington at Bolling AFB. The 1776th Air Base Wing was designated the 'host wing' for Andrews AFB and assumed base support responsibilities.During Operation Desert Storm, Andrews handled 16,540 patients in makeshift hospital facilities located in the base tennis center.On 12 July 1991, the 89th Military Airlift Wing was redesignated as the 89th Airlift Wing and assumed duties as the host wing at Andrews AFB. Support functions previously performed by the 1776th Air Base Wing now fall under the 89th and the 1776th was inactivated. With the consolidation of the two wings, the newly formed 89th Airlift Wing is one of the largest wings in Air Mobility Command with a work force approaching 9,000 people.Known as 'The President's Wing,' the 89th Airlift Wing continues to contribute to Andrews' rich history as the elite Air Mobility Command wing for transporting VIPs around the world. Not only does Andrews provide service for America's senior officials, but also kings, queens, presidents, prime ministers, popes, and local and foreign military leaders make Andrews AFB their first stop in the United States.On 5 January 2005 the Air Force reactivated the Air Force District of Washington (AFDW) as the single Air Force voice for planning and implementing Air Force and joint solutions within the National Capital Region (NCR). This event brought with it significant changes at Andrews. On 12 May 2006, the 89th Medical Group at Andrews and the 11th Medical Group, Bolling Air Force Base, Washington, D.C. combined into the 79th Medical Wing where it established its headquarters at Andrews. In June 2006, the 316th Wing stood up under the command of AFDW as the new host unit for Andrews Air Force Base and its nearly 50 tenant units to include organizations from the U.S. Army, the Air Force Reserve Command, Air National Guard, Navy Reserve, Marine Corps Reserve and the Civil Air Patrol. The activation of the 316th prompted the transfer of the 1st Helicopter Squadron from the 89th Airlift Wing to the 316th Operations Group. Finally, in May 2007 the AFDW, as well as the 844th Communications Group, transferred from Bolling AFB to Andrews AFB.On 1 October 2010, following the recommendations of Base Realignment and Closure, 2005, the Air Force completed the merge of the 11th Wing and the 316th at Joint Base Andrews Naval Air Facility. The 11th Wing became the host base organization for Joint Base Andrews Naval Air Facility. Previous names Established as Camp Springs Air Base on 5 September 1942 Camp Springs Army Air Field, 8 April 1943 Andrews Field, 7 February 1945 Andrews Air Force Base, 24 June 1948 Joint Base Andrews Naval Air Facility Washington, 1 October 2009 Geography Andrews Air Force Base is located at 38°48′13″N 76°52′17″W / 38.80361°N 76.87139°W / 38.80361; -76.87139 (38.803490, -76.871508), a few miles southeast of Washington, D.C. near the town of Morningside. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 6.8 sq mi (17.7 km²), all land. There are two runways on the base; the western runway is 11,300 ft (3,440 m) in length, and the eastern runway is 11,700 ft (3,570 m) in length. The minor 3rd runway between them at the top of the picture (above the cross-base roadway)is now closed, and the small T-shaped runway at the bottom right of the opening picture was closed and demolished by 2008. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 7,925 people, 1,932 households, and 1,864 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,158.9 people per square mile (447.3/km²). There were 2,133 housing units at an average density of 311.9 sq mi (120.4/km²). The racial makeup of the base was 65.30% White, 22.78% African American, 0.64% Native American, 3.17% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 3.65% from other races, and 4.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.72% of the population.There were 1,932 households out of which 75.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 86.1% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 3.5% were non-families. 3.2% of all households were made up of individuals, none of whom was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.39 and the average family size was 3.44.In the CDP the population is spread out with 35.0% under the age of 18, 16.3% from 18 to 24, 44.9% from 25 to 44, 3.6% from 45 to 64, and 0.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females there were 119.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 126.0 males.The median income for a household in the base was $44,310, and the median income for a family was $42,866. Males had a median income of $27,070 versus $27,308 for females. The per capita income for the base was $16,520. About 2.6% of families and 2.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including of the total population, 2.8% of those under the age of 18 and none of those 65 and older. External material Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam Maryland World War II Army Airfields List of United States Air Force installations ^Andrews Air Force Base, official site ^FAA Airport Master Record for ADW (Form 5010PDF), effective 2007-10-25 ^abOfficials unveil Joint Base Andrews Naval Air Facility Washington ^abFactsheets : Presidential Airlift Group (AMC)United States Air Force ^Biographies : Colonel Kenneth R RizerUnited States Air Force ^Biographies : Command Chief Master Sergeant Anthony BrinkleyUnited States Air Force ^Factsheets : 89th Airlift WingUnited States Air Force ^Twenty-six bases are in the process of being re-aligned into twelve joint bases, with each joint base's installation support being led by the Army, the Navy, or the Air Force. SeeJoint Base Background (part 4 of the Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam webpage)(on Hickam AFB's official website). Retrieved 2010-06-18.To accessother parts of the webpage,go tothe bottom of the right-hand scroll barand click on the down arrow(or the 'page-down' double arrow). To go to earlier parts of the webpage, click on the up arrow (or the 'page-up' double arrow). SeeHickam Air Force Base#Internet webpage,for a partial list of the webpage parts that discuss joint basing and BRAC. ^Mueller, Robert (1989). Volume 1: Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982. USAF Reference Series, Office of Air Force History, United States Air Force, Washington, D.C.ISBN 0-912799-53-6; 0160022614 ^abFact Sheet, Andrews Air Force Base history, Office of History, 316th Airlift Wing ^Mission, movement, manning – installation members stand at ready for 11 WG mergerUnited States Air Force ^Slideshow: 11th Wing becomes the host wing at JBAUnited States Air Force ^'US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990'.United States Census Bureau. 2005-05-03.http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html. Retrieved 2008-01-31. ^'CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING (1790-2000)'.U.S. Census Bureau.http://www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/decennial/index.html. Retrieved 2010-07-18. ^'American FactFinder'.United States Census Bureau.http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. Other sources This article incorporatespublic domain materialfromwebsites or documentsof theAir Force Historical Research Agency. This article incorporatespublic domain materialfrom theUnited States Governmentdocument 'Joint Base Andrews'. Maurer, Maurer.Air Force Combat Units Of World War II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1961 (republished 1983, Office of Air Force History,ISBN 0-912799-02-1). Ravenstein, Charles A.Air Force Combat Wings Lineage and Honors Histories 1947–1977.Maxwell Air Force Base,Alabama: Office of Air Force History 1984.ISBN 0-912799-12-9. Mueller, Robert,Air Force Bases Volume I, Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982, Office of Air Force History, 1989 Andrews AFB History Factsheet